Chapter 5: Plotting Curves This chapter describes how to plot curves with lines and symbols. Several curves can be plotted in one axis system and can be differentiated by colour, line style and pattern. Curve attributes can be plotted in a legend. 5.1 Plotting Curves C U R V E CURVE connects data points with lines or plots them with symbols. The call is: CALL CURVE (XRAY, YRAY, N) level 2, 3 XRAY, YRAY are arrays that contain X- and Y-coordinates. For a polar scaling, XRAY must hold the radial values and YRAY the angular values expressed in radians. N is the number of data points. Notes: - CURVE must be called after GRAF from level 2 or 3. - By default, data points that lie outside of an axis system are listed on the screen. The listing can be suppressed with the routine NOCHEK. - For a logarithmic scaling of an axis, CURVE suppresses the plotting of curves and prints a warning if some corresponding data coordinates have non positive values. After the statement CALL NEGLOG (EPS), where EPS is a small posi- tive floating point number, CURVE will use the value EPS for non positive values. - CURVE suppresses lines outside the borders of an axis system. Suppressing can be disabled with NOCLIP or the margins of suppression can be changed with GRACE. - INCMRK determines if CURVE plots lines or sym- bols. - When plotting several curves, attributes such as colour and line style can be changed auto- matically by DISLIN or directly by the user. The routine CHNCRV defines which attributes are changed automatically. The routines COLOR or SETCLR are used to define colours, SOLID, DOT, DASH, CHNDOT, CHNDSH, DOTL, DASHM and DASHL to define line styles and MARKER to de- fine symbols plotted with the routine CURVE. - Different data interpolation methods can be chosen with POLCRV. 5.2 Plotting Legends To differentiate multiple curves in an axis system, legends with text can be plotted. DISLIN can store up to 30 curve attributes such as symbols, thicknesses, line styles and colours and these can be incorporated in a legend. Legends are created with the following steps: (1) define a character variable used to store the lines of text in the legend (2) initialize the legend (3) define the lines of text (4) plot the legend. The corresponding routines are: L E G I N I LEGINI initializes a legend. The call is: CALL LEGINI (CBUF, NLIN, NMAX) level 1, 2, 3 CBUF is a character variable used to store the lines of text in the legend. The variable must be defined by the user to have at least NLIN * NMAX characters. NLIN is the number of text lines in the legend. NMAX is the number of characters in the longest line of text. L E G L I N LEGLIN stores lines of text for the legend. The call is: CALL LEGLIN (CBUF, CSTR, ILIN) level 1, 2, 3 CBUF see LEGINI. CSTR is a character string that contains a line of text for the legend. ILIN is the number of the legend line between 1 and NLIN. L E G E N D LEGEND plots legends. The call is: CALL LEGEND (CBUF, NCOR) level 2, 3 CBUF see LEGINI.[0.3cm] NCOR indicates the position of the legend: = 1 is the lower left corner of the page. = 2 is the lower right corner of the page. = 3 is the upper right corner of the page. = 4 is the upper left corner of the page. = 5 is the lower left corner of the axis system. = 6 is the lower right corner of the axis system. = 7 is the upper right corner of the axis system. = 8 is the upper left corner of the axis system. Notes: The following routines change the position and appearance of a legend. They must be called after LEGINI except for the routines FRAME and LINESP. - LEGTIT (CTIT) sets the title of the legend. - LEGPOS (NX, NY) defines a global position for the legend where NX and NY are the plot coor- dinates of the upper left corner. After a call to LEGPOS, the second parameter in LEGEND will be ignored. - NLX = NXLEGN (CBUF) and NYL = NYLEGN (CBUF) return the length and the height of a legend in plot coordinates. - FRAME (NFRA) defines the thickness of a frame plotted around a legend. - LINESP (XF) changes the spacing of lines in a legend. - LEGCLR retains the same colour for curves and lines of text in the legend. - The statement CALL MIXLEG enables multiple text lines in legends. By default, the charac- ter '/' is used as a newline character but can be changed with the routine SETMIX. - LEGBGD (NCLR) sets the background colour of legends. The default value -1 means, that no background is plotted. L E G P A T The routine LEGPAT stores curve attributes plotted in le- gends. Normally, this is done automatically by routines such as CURVE and BARS. The call is: CALL LEGPAT (ITYP, ITHK, ISYM, ICLR, IPAT, ILIN) level 1, 2, 3 ITYP is the line style between -1 and 7 (see LIN- TYP). IF ITYP = -1, no line will be plotted in the legend line. ITHK defines the thickness of lines (> 0). ISYM is the symbol number between -1 and 21. If ISYM = -1, no symbol will be plotted in the legend line. ICLR is a colour value. If ICLR = -1, the current colour will be used. IPAT is the shading pattern (see SHDPAT). If IPAT = -1, no pattern will be plotted in the legend line. ILIN is the legend line between 1 and NLIN. Notes: - The routine LEGPAT is useful to create legends without calls to CURVE. - LEGPAT must be called after LEGINI. L E G T Y P Legend entries can be plotted in vertical or horizontal di- rection depending on the option in LEGTYP. The routine must be called before LEGINI. The call is: CALL LEGTYP (COPT) level 1, 2, 3 COPT is a character string that can have the values 'VERT' and 'HORI'. Default: 'VERT. L E G O P T The routine LEGOPT modifies the appearance of legends. The call is: CALL LEGOPT (XF1, XF2, XF3) level 1, 2, 3 XF1 is a multiplier for the length of the pattern field. The length is XF1 * NH, where NH is the current character height. If XF1 = 0., the pattern field will be suppressed. XF2 is a multiplier for the distance between le- gend frames and text. The distance is XF2 * NH * XSPC, where XSPC is the spacing between le- gend lines (see LINESP). XF3 is a multiplier for the spacing between multi- ple text lines. The space is XF3 * NH * XSPC. Default: (4.0, 0.5, 1.0). L E G V A L The routine LEGVAL modifies the appearance of legends. The call is: CALL LEGVAL (X, COPT) level 1, 2, 3 COPT is a character string that can have the value 'SYMBOL'. For COPT = 'SYMBOL', the parameter X defines the size of symbols used in legends. The size is X * NH, where NH is the current character height. Default: (0.8, 'SYMBOL'). L E G S E L The routine LEGSEL selects legend lines that are plotted by LEGEND. The call is: CALL LEGSEL (IRAY, N) level 1, 2, 3 IRAY is an integer array that contains legend lines between 1 and NLIN, where NLIN is the parame- ter in LEGINI. N is the number of elements in IRAY. If N = -1, all legend lines are plotted. Default: N = -1 5.3 Plotting Shaded Areas between Curves S H D C R V SHDCRV plots a shaded area between two curves. The call is: CALL SHDCRV (X1RAY, Y1RAY, N1, X2RAY, Y2RAY, N2) level 2, 3 X1RAY, Y1RAY are arrays with the X- and Y-coordinates of the first curve. Values are not changed by SHDCRV. N1 is the number of points in the first curve. X2RAY, Y2RAY are arrays with the X- and Y-coordinates of the second curve. Values are not changed by SHDCRV. N2 is the number of points in the second curve. Notes: - The maximum number of data points cannot be greater than 25000 in Fortran 77 programs. There is no restriction for Fortran 90 and C. - Different shading patterns can be selected with SHDPAT. The pattern number will automati- cally be incremented by 1 after a call to SHD- CRV. - Legends may be plotted for shaded curves. - The routine NOARLN will suppress border lines around shaded areas. 5.4 Plotting Error Bars E R R B A R The routine ERRBAR plots error bars. The call is: CALL ERRBAR (XRAY, YRAY, E1RAY, E2RAY, N) level 2, 3 XRAY, YRAY are arrays that contain the X- and Y-coordi- nates. E1RAY, E2RAY are arrays that contain the errors. Lines will be drawn from YRAY - E1RAY to YRAY + E2RAY. N is the number of data points. Notes: - Horizontal bars will be drawn after CALL BAR- TYP ('HORI'). - A symbol can be selected with MARKER and the symbol size with HSYMBL. 5.5 Vector Fields F I E L D The routine FIELD plots a vector field where the start and end points of the vectors are already calculated. The vectors are displayed as arrows. The call is: CALL FIELD (X1RAY, Y1RAY, X2RAY, Y2RAY, N, IVEC) - level 2, 3 X1RAY, Y1RAY are arrays that contain the X- and Y-coordi- nates of the start points. X2RAY, Y2RAY are arrays that contain the X- and Y-coordi- nates of the end points. N is the number of vectors. IVEC is a four digit number that specifies the vec- tor (see VECTOR). V E C F L D The routine VECFLD plots a vector field of given vectors and positions. The vectors are displayed as arrows. The call is: CALL VECFLD (XVRAY, YVRAY, XPRAY, YPRAY, N, IVEC) level 2, 3 XVRAY, YVRAY are arrays that contain the X- and Y-coordi- nates of the vectors. XPRAY, YPRAY are arrays that contain the X- and Y-coordi- nates of the start points. N is the number of vectors. IVEC is an integer that specifies the form of the arrows (see VECTOR). Notes: - The length of the arrows is automatically scaled by DISLIN in the routine VECFLD. This behaviour can be changed with the routine VEC- OPT, that may also modify the appearance of arrows. - The vectors can be scaled with different col- ours if the routine VECCLR is called before with the parameter -2. If VECFLD and FIELD are called after GRAF, the minimum and maximum of the vector lengths are used for colour scal- ing. If VECFLD and FIELD are called after GRAF3, the Z-scaling in GRAF3 is used for calculating colours. V E C M A T The routine VECMAT plots a vector field on a regular grid. The call is: CALL VECMAT (XVMAT, YVMAT, NX, NY, XPRAY, YPRAY, IVEC) level 2, 3 XVMAT, YVMAT are arrays of the dimension (NX, NY) that con- tain the X- and Y-coordinates of the vectors. NX, NY define the dimension of XVMAT and YVMAT. XPRAY, YPRAY are arrays of the dimensions NX und NY that define the grid in the X/Y plane. IVEC is an integer that specifies the form of the arrows (see VECTOR). Note: See the notes for VECFLD. S T R E A M The routine STREAM plots streamlines of a vector field on a regular grid. The call is: CALL STREAM (XVMAT, YVMAT, NX, NY, XPRAY, YPRAY, XSRAY, YSRAY, N) level 2, 3 XVMAT, YVMAT are arrays of the dimension (NX, NY) that con- tain the X- and Y-coordinates of the vectors. NX, NY define the dimension of XVMAT and YVMAT. XPRAY, YPRAY are arrays of the dimensions NX und NY that define the grid in the X/Y plane. XSRAY, YSRAY are arrays of the dimension N that contain starting points of the streamlines. If no starting points are given, evenly-spaced streamlines are automatically plotted by DIS- LIN. N is the number of statrting points (N >= 0). Notes: - The integration method in STREAM can be chang- ed with the routine STMMOD. By default, a Runge-Kutta 2nd order method is used. - The behaviour of streamlines can be modified with the routines STMOPT and STMVAL. S T M P T S The routine STMPTS returns a calculated streamline of a vec- tor field on a regular grid. The call is: CALL STMPTS (XVMAT, YVMAT, NX, NY, XPRAY, YPRAY, X0, Y0, XRAY, YRAY, NMAX, N) level 2, 3 XVMAT, YVMAT are arrays of the dimension (NX, NY) that con- tain the X- and Y-coordinates of the vectors. NX, NY define the dimension of XVMAT and YVMAT. XPRAY, YPRAY are arrays of the dimensions NX und NY that define the grid in the X/Y plane. X0, Y0 define the starting point. XRAY, YRAY are arrays of the dimension NMAX that will contain the calculated streamline. NMAX is the dimension of XRAY and YRAY. N is the returned number of points in XRAY and YRAY. Note: See the notes for STREAM. S T M T R I The routine STMTRI plots streamlines of a vector field on a triangular grid. The call is: CALL STMTRI (XVRAY, YVRAY, XPRAY, YPRAY, N, I1RAY, I2RAY, I3RAY, NTRI, XSRAY, YSRAY, NRAY) level 2, 3 XVRAY, YVRAY are arrays of the dimension N that contain the X- and Y-coordinates of the vectors. XPRAY, YPRAY are arrays of the dimension N that contain the positions of the vectors. N is the number of vectors. I1RAY, I2RAY, is a triangulation of the points in XPRAY and I3RAY YPRAY. NTRI is the number of triangles in I1RAY, I2RAY and I3RAY. XSRAY, YSRAY are arrays of the dimension NRAY that contain starting points of the streamlines. If no starting points are given, evenly-spaced streamlines are automatically plotted by DIS- LIN. NRAY is the number of starting points (NRAY >= 0). L I C P T S The routine LICPTS calculates a Line Integral Convolution (LIC) image of a vector field. The call is: CALL LICPTS (XVMAT, YVMAT, NX, NY, ITMAT, IWMAT, WMAT) level 1, 2, 3 XVMAT, YVMAT are arrays of the dimension (NX, NY) that con- tain the X- and Y-coordinates of the vectors. NX, NY define the dimension of XVMAT, YVMAT, ITMAT, IWMAT and WMAT. ITMAT is a texture array of the dimension (NX, NY) that is used for the LIC algorithm. A random texture can be calculated with the routine TXTURE. IWMAT is a working array of the dimension (NX, NY). After the call to LICPTS, IWMAT contains the number of hits for image pixels covered by streamlines. WMAT is an output array of the dimension (NX, NY) that contains the calculated LIC image. WMAT contains floating point numbers between 0 and 255. Notes: - LICPTS uses by default a fast LIC algorithm based on an idea by Detlev Stalling and Hans- Christian Hege. Some parameters of the fast LIC algorithm can be modified with the rou- tines LICMOD, STMOPT and STMVAL. - The calculated LIC image can be plotted for example with the routine CRVMAT. T X T U R E The routine TXTURE generates a random texture array that can be passed to the routine LICPTS. The call is: CALL TXTURE (ITMAT, NX, NY) level 1, 2, 3 ITMAT is a returned texture array of the dimension (NX, NY). ITMAT contains random numbers in the range 0 to 255. NX, NY define the dimension of ITMAT. Note: DISLIN uses the MINSTD random number generator of S.K. Park and K.W. Miller for calculating random numbers. The returned array is identi- cal for all DISLIN distributions.